国际资讯 | 欧盟委员会成立人工智能办公室等（5.29-5.30） - 新鲜讯息

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国际新闻速览目录

29 May - 30 May

1. 欧盟委员会成立人工智能办公室，加强欧盟在安全可信的人工智能领域的领导地位

2. 美国NIST宣布AI评估项目

3. 美国联邦通信委员会拟对Lingo Telecom呼叫机器人电话的行为处以200万美元罚款

4. 英国《数字市场、竞争与消费者法案》正式出台

5. 欧洲数据保护委员会就金融数据访问和支付一揽子计划发表声明

EU Commission Establishes AI Office to Strengthen EU Leadership in Safe and Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence

欧盟委员会成立人工智能办公室，加强欧盟在安全可信的人工智能领域的领导地位

On May 29, 2024, the EU Commission (the Commission) has unveiled the AI Office, established within the Commission. The AI Office aims at enabling the future development, deployment and use of AI in a way that fosters societal and economic benefits and innovation, while mitigating risks. The Office will play a key role in the implementation of the AI Act, especially in relation to general-purpose AI models. It will also work to foster research and innovation in trustworthy AI and position the EU as a leader in international discussions.

2024年5月29日，欧盟委员会（以下简称“委员会”）宣布在其内部成立AI办公室。AI办公室旨在促进AI的未来发展、部署和使用，在降低风险的同时，促进社会和经济效益及创新。该办公室将在实施《人工智能法》方面发挥关键作用，特别是在通用AI模型方面。它还将努力促进可信AI的研究和创新，并将欧盟定位为国际讨论的领导者。

The AI office is composed of:

Regulation and Compliance Unit that coordinates the regulatory approach to facilitate the uniform application and enforcement of the AI Act across the Union, working closely with Member States. The unit will contribute to investigations and possible infringements, administering sanctions;
Unit on AI safety focusing on the identification of systemic risks of very capable general-purpose models, possible mitigation measures as well as evaluation and testing approaches;
Excellence in AI and Robotics Unit that supports and funds research and development to foster an ecosystem of excellence. It coordinates the GenAI4EU initiative, stimulating the development of models and their integration into innovative applications;
AI for Societal Good Unit to design and implement the international engagement of the AI Office in AI for good, such as weather modelling, cancer diagnoses and digital twins for reconstruction;
AI Innovation and Policy Coordination Unit that oversees the execution of the EU AI strategy, monitoring trends and investment, stimulating the uptake of AI through a network of European Digital Innovation Hubs and the establishment of AI Factories, and fostering an innovative ecosystem by supporting regulatory sandboxes and real-world testing.

AI办公室由以下部门组成：

监管和合规部，负责协调监管方法，促进《人工智能法》在欧盟的统一应用和执行，加强与成员国密切合作。该部门将参与调查可能的违法行为，并进行处罚；
AI安全部，重点是识别能力极强的通用模型的系统风险、可能的缓解措施以及评估和测试方法；
AI和机器人部，支持和资助研究与开发，以促进卓越生态系统的发展。负责协调GenAI4EU计划，促进模型的开发及其与创新应用的整合；
AI造福社会部，负责设计和实施AI办公室在国际上参与的AI公益活动，如天气建模、癌症诊断和用于重建的数字双胞胎；
AI创新和政策协调部，负责监督欧盟AI战略的执行情况，监测趋势和投资情况，通过欧洲数字创新中心网络和建立AI工厂促进AI的应用，并通过支持监管沙盒和真实世界测试促进创新生态系统的发展。

The AI Office will be led by the Head of the AI Office and will work under the guidance of a Lead Scientific Adviser to ensure scientific excellence in evaluation of models and innovative approaches, and an Adviser for international affairs to follow up on our commitment to work closely with international partners on trustworthy AI.

AI办公室将由AI办公室主任领导，并在首席科学顾问的指导下开展工作，以确保对模型和创新方法的评估具有卓越的科学性，同时还将配备一名国际事务顾问，以落实欧盟与国际合作伙伴就可信AI开展密切合作的承诺。

The AI Office will employ more than 140 staff to carry out its tasks. The staff will include technology specialists, administrative assistants, lawyers, policy specialists, and economists.

AI办公室将聘用140多名工作人员执行任务。工作人员包括技术专家、行政助理、律师、政策专家和经济学家。

The office will ensure the coherent implementation of the AI Act. It will do this by supporting the governance bodies in Member States. The AI Office will also directly enforce the rules for general-purpose AI models. In cooperation with AI developers, the scientific community and other stakeholders, the AI Office will coordinate the drawing up of state-of-the-art codes of practice, conduct testing and evaluation of general-purpose AI models, request information as well as apply sanctions, when necessary.

AI办公室将确保《人工智能法》的协调实施。为此，它将为成员国的管理机构提供支持。AI办公室还将直接执行通用AI模型规则。AI办公室将与AI开发者、科学界和其他利益相关者合作，协调制定最先进的实践准则，对通用AI模型进行测试和评估，要求提供信息，并在必要时进行处罚。

To ensure well-informed decision-making, the AI Office will collaborate with Member States and the wider expert community through dedicated fora and expert groups. At EU-level the AI Office will work closely with the European Artificial Intelligence Board composed of representatives of Member States. The Scientific Panel of independent experts will ensure a strong link with the scientific community and further expertise will be gathered in an Advisory Forum, representing a balanced selection of stakeholders, including industry, startups and SMEs, academia, think tanks and civil society.

为确保在充分知情的情况下做出决策，AI办公室将通过专门论坛和专家组与成员国和更广泛的专家团体合作。在欧盟层面，AI办公室将与由成员国代表组成的欧洲人工智能委员会密切合作。由独立专家组成的科学小组将确保与科学界的紧密联系，并将在咨询论坛上收集更多的专业知识，该论坛将代表均衡选择的利益相关方，包括工业界、初创企业和中小型企业、学术界、智库和民间团体。

The AI Office will promote an innovative EU ecosystem for trustworthy AI. It will contribute to this by providing advice on best practices and enabling access to AI sandboxes, real-world testing and other European support structures for AI uptake, such as the Testing and Experimentation Facilities in AI, the European Digital Innovation Hubs, and the AI Factories. It will support research and innovation activities in the field of AI and robotics and implements initiatives, such as GenAI4EU, to ensure that AI general-purpose models made in Europe and trained through EU supercomputers are finetuned and integrated into novel applications across the economy, stimulating investment.

AI办公室将推动建立一个创新的欧盟可信AI生态系统。为此，该办公室将提供最佳实践方面的建议，并使人们能够进入AI沙盒、进行真实世界测试和利用其他欧洲AI支持机构，如AI测试和实验设施、欧洲数字创新中心和AI工厂。它将支持AI和机器人领域的研究和创新活动，并实施GenAI4EU等倡议，以确保在欧洲制造并通过欧盟超级计算机训练的AI通用模型得到微调，并整合到整个经济领域的新型应用中，从而刺激投资。

Finally, the AI Office will ensure a strategic, coherent and effective European approach on AI at the international level, becoming a global reference point.

最后，AI办公室将确保欧洲在国际层面对AI采取战略性、连贯和有效的方法，成为全球的参照点。

Next, the organisational changes outlined above will take effect on 16 June. The first meeting of the AI Board should take place by the end of June. The AI Office is preparing guidelines on the AI system definition and on the prohibitions, both due six months after the entry into force of the AI Act. The Office is also getting ready to coordinate the drawing up of codes of practice for the obligations for general-purpose AI models, due 9 months after entry into force.

下一步，上述组织结构调整将于6月16日生效。AI委员会的第一次会议应于6月底召开。AI办公室正在制定AI系统定义和禁令的指导方针，这两项工作都将在《人工智能法》生效后六个月内完成。该办公室还准备协调起草关于通用AI模型义务的业务守则，该守则应于《人工智能法》生效后9个月内完成。

上述资讯源自欧盟委员会官网，详见：

https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_2982

NIST Announces Program for AI Evaluation

美国NIST宣布AI评估项目

On May 28, 2024, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) announced that it is launching a new testing, evaluation, validation, and verification (TEVV) program to improve understanding of artificial intelligence's (AI) capabilities and impacts. The TEVV program, entitled Assessing Risks and Impacts of AI (ARIA), specifically aims to help users identify whether an AI technology will be valid, safe, and reliable, among other things, once deployed. ARIA expands on the current AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF), released in January 2023, and helps to operationalize the AI RMF's risk measurement function, which recommends that quantitative and qualitative techniques be used to analyze and monitor AI risks and impacts. NIST highlighted that the ARIA program will help assess risks and impacts to help determine how AI systems work within society.

2024年5月28日，美国国家标准与技术研究院（NIST）宣布将启动一项新的测试、评估、确认和验证（以下简称“TEVV”）项目，以增进人们对AI能力和影响的了解。TEVV项目名为“评估AI的风险和影响”（以下简称“ARIA”），其具体目标是帮助用户确定AI技术在部署后是否有效、安全和可靠。ARIA是对2023年1月发布的现行《人工智能风险管理框架》（以下简称“AI RMF”）的扩展，有助于将AI RMF的风险测量功能操作化，该功能建议使用定量和定性技术来分析和监控AI的风险和影响。NIST强调，ARIA项目将有助于评估风险和影响，以帮助确定AI系统如何在社会中发挥作用。

上述资讯源自dataguidance，详见：

https://www.dataguidance.com/news/usa-nist-announces-program-ai-evaluation

原始来源详见：

https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2024/05/nist-launches-aria-new-program-advance-sociotechnical-testing-and

FCC Proposes $2M Fine against Lingo Telecom for Robocalls

美国联邦通信委员会拟对Lingo Telecom呼叫机器人电话的行为处以200万美元罚款

On May 28, 2024, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) published its Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture in case FCC 24-60, in which it proposed a fine of $2 million against Lingo Telecom, LLC, for violations of the FCC rules following an investigation.

2024年5月28日，美国联邦通信委员会（以下简称“FCC”）在FCC 24-60 号案件中发布《明显责任罚款通知》，计划对违反FCC规则的Lingo Telecom罚款200万美元。

The FCC stated that two days before the New Hampshire presidential primary in January 2024, 9,581 robocalls were received by potential voters which included a deepfake audio of President Joe Biden's cloned voice encouraging them not to vote in the primary election. The phone number to callers appeared to belong to a prominent local political consultant. As a result, the FCC launched an investigation into the calls with the New Hampshire Attorney General (AG), the bipartisan Anti-Robocall Multistate Litigation Task Force (Task Force), the U.S. Department of Justice (DoJ), and US Telecom's Industry Traceback Group (ITG). In coordination with the New Hampshire AG, the FCC issued a cease-and-desist from carrying out illegal robocalls in February 2024 concerning the alleged violations.

FCC称，在2024年1月新罕布什尔州总统初选的前两天，潜在选民收到了9,581个机器人电话，其中包括以乔·拜登总统克隆声音的深度伪造音频，动员他们不要在初选中投票。来电者的电话号码似乎属于当地一位著名的政治顾问。因此，FCC联合新罕布什尔州总检察长、两党反骚扰电话多州诉讼工作组、美国司法部和美国电信行业追踪小组对这些电话展开了调查。在新罕布什尔州总检察长的协调下，FCC于2024年2月就涉嫌违规行为发出了停止使用非法呼叫机器人电话的禁令。

The investigation determined that other organizations were engaged in conducting the calls. Lingo Telecom was the originating provider in the call path. Lingo identified Life Corp. as the party that transmitted the calls to Lingo. Lingo then identified Video Broadcasting Corp. as the organization that used Life's services and equipment to transmit calls at the request of its client, Steve Kramer (a political consultant who received a separate fine from the FCC for the alleged violations). The FCC alleges that Lingo violated Section 64.6301(a) of the FCC rules by failing to fully implement the STIR/SHAKEN authentication framework in their internet protocol networks. The FCC highlighted that the STIR/SHAKEN framework helps protect consumers from illegal calls by enabling authenticated caller ID information to travel securely with the call itself through the entire call path, and serves as a digital identifier for each call to allow tracebacks of suspicious calls, inform robocall blocking tools, and support more reliable caller ID information for consumers.

调查发现，有其他组织也参与了通话。Lingo Telecom是呼叫路径中的初始提供商。Lingo Telecom指认Life Corp.是向Lingo Telecom传输呼叫的一方，并指认Video Broadcasting Corp.是应其客户Steve Kramer（一名政治顾问，因涉嫌违规而被FCC单独罚款）的要求，使用Life Corp.的服务和设备进行传输呼叫的组织。FCC指控Lingo Telecom违反了FCC规则第64.6301(a)条的规定，未能在其互联网协议网络中全面实施STIR/SHAKEN身份验证框架。FCC强调指出，STIR/SHAKEN框架有助于保护消费者免受非法呼叫的侵害，因为该框架能够确保在整个呼叫路径中安全地传输经过验证的来电显示信息与呼叫内容，并可以作为每个呼叫的数字标识符，以便对可疑呼叫进行追踪，提示呼叫机器人拦截工具，并为消费者提供更可靠的来电显示信息。

The FCC noted that the proposed action is not final and Lingo will be allowed to respond and have evidence and arguments considered by the FCC before further action is taken.

FCC指出，拟议的行动并非最终行动，在采取进一步行动之前，将允许Lingo Telecom做出回应，并由FCC考虑证据和论据。

上述资讯源自dataguidance，详见：

https://www.dataguidance.com/news/usa-fcc-proposes-2m-fine-against-lingo-telecom

原始来源及《明显责任通知》发布详见：

https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-402765A1.pdf

UK Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act Becomes Law

英国《数字市场、竞争与消费者法案》正式出台

On May 24, 2024, the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) announced that the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act had become law after receiving Royal Assent.

2024年5月24日，英国科学、创新和技术部宣布，《数字市场、竞争和消费者法案》在获得批准后已正式成为法律。

The Act applies to companies that hold 'strategic market status,' which is defined as having substantial and entrenched market power and a position of strategic significance in respect of digital activity.

该法案适用于拥有“战略市场地位”的公司，“战略市场地位”被定义为在数字活动方面拥有实质性的、根深蒂固的市场力量和具有战略意义的地位。

To be classified as having strategic market status under the Act, a company must also meet the following criteria:

the total value of the global turnover of an undertaking or, where the undertaking is part of a group, the global turnover of that group in the relevant period exceeds £25 billion; or
the total value of the UK turnover of an undertaking or, where the undertaking is part of a group, the UK turnover of that group in the relevant period exceeds £1 billion.

根据该法案，被归类为具有“战略市场地位”，公司还必须符合以下标准：

企业的全球营业总额，或（如果该企业属于某一集团）企业所在集团在相关期间的全球营业总额超过250亿英镑；或
企业在英国境内的营业总额，或（如果该企业属于某一集团）企业所在集团在相关期间在英国境内的营业总额超过10亿英镑。

Among other things, the Act requires businesses to provide clearer information to consumers before they enter a subscription contract, remind consumers that their free trial or low-cost trial is coming to an end, and ensure consumers can easily exit a contract.

同时，该法案还要求企业在与消费者签订订购合同之前向其提供更明确的信息，提醒消费者其免费试用或低价试用即将结束，并确保消费者可以轻松退出合同。

Further, the Act also:

creates new powers for the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) to regulate competition in digital markets;
creates penalties for traders that break consumer protection law; and
introduces consumer protection with respect to unfair commercial practices, subscription traps, and prepayments to savings schemes.

此外，该法案还：

赋予英国竞争与市场管理局新的权力，旨在监管数字市场的竞争；
对违反消费者保护法的商家进行处罚；以及
针对不公平的商业行为、订购陷阱和预付储蓄计划等方面引入消费者保护要求。

上述资讯源自dataguidance，详见：

https://www.dataguidance.com/news/uk-digital-markets-competition-and-consumers-act

原始来源及法案原文详见：

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/digital-markets-competition-and-consumers-act-receives-royal-assent

https://bills.parliament.uk/publications/54683/documents/4580

EDPB Releases Statement on the Financial Data Access and Payments Package

欧洲数据保护委员会就金融数据访问和支付一揽子计划发表声明

On May 27, 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published Statement 2/2024 on the financial data access and payments package, as adopted on May 23, 2024.

2024年5月27日，欧洲数据保护委员会（以下简称“EDPB”）就2024年5月23日通过的金融数据访问和支付一揽子计划发布了第2/2024号声明。

The release of the Statement follows the publication on June 28, 2023, by the European Commission of three proposals regarding payment services and financial data access, covering Financial Data Access (FIDA), Payment Service Regulation (PSR), and Payment Service Directive (PSD3).

该声明发布之前，欧盟委员会于2023年6月28日发布了有关支付服务和金融数据访问的三项提案，包括金融数据访问、支付服务条例和支付服务指令。

The EDPB issued several recommendations in the Statement, including:

ensuring clear rules for the recording and the disclosure of personal data in the context of the transaction monitoring mechanism of the PSR proposal;
clarifying obligations for Account Information Service Providers (AISPs) and Payment Initiation Service Providers (PISPs) under the PSR proposal, namely regarding transparency and data minimization;
clearly differentiating the term 'permission' from the legal basis for processing under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in FIDA and PSR proposals;
requirements for permission dashboards under the FIDA and PSR proposals;
clarifying the definition of 'sensitive payment data;' and
referring to cooperation between the authorities under the PSR proposal.

EDPB在声明中提出了若干建议，包括：