外交部发言人就《全球人工智能治理倡议》答记者问

问：10月18日，习近平主席在第三届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛开幕式主旨演讲中提出《全球人工智能治理倡议》，能否介绍具体内容？中方提出这一倡议有何特殊意义？

答：人工智能是人类发展的新领域，带来重大机遇，也伴随着难以预知的风险挑战，需要国际社会共同应对。今天上午，习近平主席出席第三届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛开幕式，并在主旨演讲中宣布中方将提出《全球人工智能治理倡议》。这是中方积极践行人类命运共同体理念，落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议的具体行动。

《倡议》围绕人工智能发展、安全、治理三方面系统阐述了人工智能治理中国方案，核心内容包括：坚持以人为本、智能向善，引导人工智能朝着有利于人类文明进步的方向发展；坚持相互尊重、平等互利，反对以意识形态划线或构建排他性集团，恶意阻挠他国人工智能发展；主张建立人工智能风险等级测试评估体系，不断提升人工智能技术的安全性、可靠性、可控性、公平性；支持在充分尊重各国政策和实践基础上，形成具有广泛共识的全球人工智能治理框架和标准规范，支持在联合国框架下讨论成立国际人工智能治理机构；加强面向发展中国家的国际合作与援助，弥合智能鸿沟和治理差距等。

《倡议》就各方普遍关切的人工智能发展与治理问题提出了建设性解决思路，为相关国际讨论和规则制定提供了蓝本。中方愿同各方就全球人工智能治理开展沟通交流、务实合作，推动人工智能技术造福全人类。

来源：外交部官网

以下为全文：

人工智能是人类发展新领域。当前，全球人工智能技术快速发展，对经济社会发展和人类文明进步产生深远影响，给世界带来巨大机遇。与此同时，人工智能技术也带来难以预知的各种风险和复杂挑战。人工智能治理攸关全人类命运，是世界各国面临的共同课题。

　　——增强发展中国家在人工智能全球治理中的代表性和发言权，确保各国人工智能发展与治理的权利平等、机会平等、规则平等，开展面向发展中国家的国际合作与援助，不断弥合智能鸿沟和治理能力差距。积极支持在联合国框架下讨论成立国际人工智能治理机构，协调国际人工智能发展、安全与治理重大问题。

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a new area of human development. Currently, the fast development of AI around the globe has exerted profound influence on socioeconomic development and the progress of human civilization, and brought huge opportunities to the world. However, AI technologies also bring about unpredictable risks and complicated challenges. The governance of AI, a common task faced by all countries in the world, bears on the future of humanity. 

As global peace and development faces various challenges, all countries should commit to a vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security, and put equal emphasis on development and security. Countries should build consensus through dialogue and cooperation, and develop open, fair, and efficient governing mechanisms, in a bid to promote AI technologies to benefit humanity and contribute to building a community with a shared future for mankind. 

We call on all countries to enhance information exchange and technological cooperation on the governance of AI. We should work together to prevent risks, and develop AI governance frameworks, norms and standards based on broad consensus, so as to make AI technologies more secure, reliable, controllable, and equitable. We welcome governments, international organizations, companies, research institutes, civil organizations, and individuals to jointly promote the governance of AI under the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits. 

To make this happen, we would like to suggest the following:

We should uphold a people-centered approach in developing AI, with the goal of increasing the wellbeing of humanity and on the premise of ensuring social security and respecting the rights and interests of humanity, so that AI always develops in a way that is beneficial to human civilization. We should actively support the role of AI in promoting sustainable development and tackling global challenges such as climate change and biodiversity conservation. 

We should respect other countries’ national sovereignty and strictly abide by their laws when providing them with AI products and services. We oppose using AI technologies for the purposes of manipulating public opinion, spreading disinformation, intervening in other countries’ internal affairs, social systems and social order, as well as jeopardizing the sovereignty of other states. 

We must adhere to the principle of developing AI for good, respect the relevant international laws, and align AI development with humanity’s common values of peace, development, equity, justice, democracy, and freedom. We should work together to prevent and fight against the misuse and malicious use of AI technologies by terrorists, extreme forces, and transnational organized criminal groups. All countries, especially major countries, should adopt a prudent and responsible attitude to the research, development, and application of AI technologies in the military field.

We should uphold the principles of mutual respect, equality, and mutual benefit in AI development. All countries, regardless of their size, strength, or social system, should have equal rights to develop and use AI. We call for global collaboration to foster the sound development of AI, share AI knowledge, and make AI technologies available to the public under open-source terms. We oppose drawing ideological lines or forming exclusive groups to obstruct other countries from developing AI. We also oppose creating barriers and disrupting the global AI supply chain through technological monopolies and unilateral coercive measures.

We should promote the establishment of a testing and assessment system based on AI risk levels, implement agile governance, and carry out tiered and category-based management for rapid and effective response. R&D entities should improve the explainability and predictability of AI, increase data authenticity and accuracy, ensure that AI always remains under human control, and build trustworthy AI technologies that can be reviewed, monitored, and traced.

We should gradually establish and improve relevant laws, regulations and rules, and ensure personal privacy and data security in the R&D and application of AI. We oppose theft, tampering, leaking, and other illegal collection and use of personal information.

We should adhere to the principles of fairness and non-discrimination, and avoid biases and discrimination based on ethnicities, beliefs, nationalities, genders, etc., during the process of data collection, algorithm design, technology development, and product development and application. 

We should put ethics first. We should establish and improve ethical principles, norms, and accountability mechanisms for AI, formulate AI ethical guidelines, and build sci-tech ethical review and regulatory system. We should clarify responsibilities and power boundaries for entities related to AI, fully respect and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of various groups, and address domestic and international ethical concerns in a timely manner. 

We should uphold the principles of wide participation and consensus-based decision-making, adopt a gradual approach, pay close attention to technological advancements, conduct risk assessments and policy communication, and share best practices. On this basis, we should encourage active involvement from multiple stakeholders to achieve broad consensus in the field of international AI governance, based on exchange and cooperation and with full respect for differences in policies and practices among countries. 

We should actively develop and apply technologies for AI governance, encourage the use of AI technologies to prevent AI risks, and enhance our technological capacity for AI governance.

We should increase the representation and voice of developing countries in global AI governance, and ensure equal rights, equal opportunities, and equal rules for all countries in AI development and governance. Efforts should be made to conduct international cooperation with and provide assistance to developing countries, to bridge the gap in AI and its governance capacity. We support discussions within the United Nations framework to establish an international institution to govern AI, and to coordinate efforts to address major issues concerning international AI development, security, and governance.